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活(huo)塞式液壓缸的工作(zuo)原理

活(huo)塞(sai)式(shi)(shi)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)可(ke)分(fen)為單桿(gan)式(shi)(shi)和(he)雙桿(gan)式(shi)(shi)兩(liang)種結構，其固(gu)定方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)由缸(gang)體固(gu)定和(he)活(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)固(gu)定兩(liang)種，按液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的作(zuo)用(yong)情況有單作(zuo)用(yong)式(shi)(shi)和(he)雙作(zuo)用(yong)式(shi)(shi)。在單作(zuo)用(yong)式(shi)(shi)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)中(zhong)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)油只供(gong)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)的一腔，靠(kao)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)使缸(gang)實現單方(fang)(fang)向運動(dong)(dong)，反方(fang)(fang)向運動(dong)(dong)則靠(kao)外力(li)(li)（如彈簧力(li)(li)、自重或外部(bu)載(zai)荷等(deng)）來實現；（威海力(li)(li)建冶金液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)備(bei)廠提(ti)供(gong)）

活(huo)塞式液(ye)壓(ya)缸的(de)工作原理(li)

它只在活塞的(de)一側設有活塞桿，因而兩(liang)腔的(de)有效作用面積不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。在供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)量相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)腔進油(you)(you)(you)，活塞的(de)運動(dong)速度不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；在需克服的(de)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)力(li)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)腔進油(you)(you)(you)，所(suo)需要(yao)的(de)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)力(li)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，或者說(shuo)在系統壓(ya)力(li)調(diao)定后，環衛(wei)垃圾(ji)車液(ye)壓(ya)缸兩(liang)個方向運動(dong)所(suo)能(neng)克服的(de)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)力(li)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。

　1、液壓(ya)缸(gang)(gang)設計間隙不(bu)當產生的(de)低速(su)爬(pa)行(xing)(xing)，液壓(ya)缸(gang)(gang)內部活塞和缸(gang)(gang)體、活塞桿和導向套之間的(de)滑動(dong)配合間隙太大，引(yin)起(qi)滑動(dong)面的(de)受壓(ya)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻，造(zao)成(cheng)摩擦力(li)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻，引(yin)起(qi)液壓(ya)缸(gang)(gang)低速(su)爬(pa)行(xing)(xing)；滑動(dong)配合間隙若太小，加(jia)上零部件制造(zao)存在(zai)公差，也會引(yin)起(qi)滑動(dong)面的(de)受壓(ya)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻，造(zao)成(cheng)摩擦力(li)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻，引(yin)起(qi)液壓(ya)缸(gang)(gang)低速(su)爬(pa)行(xing)(xing)。

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　　2、液(ye)(ye)壓缸(gang)(gang)內導向元件(jian)摩(mo)擦力(li)不(bu)均勻(yun)產生的(de)(de)低(di)速爬(pa)行，液(ye)(ye)壓缸(gang)(gang)常用(yong)的(de)(de)導向材料有ＱＴ５００．７、ＺＱＡＬ９-４、非金(jin)屬支撐環等，特別是(shi)非金(jin)屬支撐環尺(chi)寸不(bu)均勻(yun)，一些(xie)非金(jin)屬支撐環隨油溫變化尺(chi)寸增大或減(jian)小，即在油液(ye)(ye)中尺(chi)寸穩定性差(cha)直接造成(cheng)配合間隙的(de)(de)變化，很容易造成(cheng)液(ye)(ye)壓缸(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)速度不(bu)穩定。